Black Brant Banding and Recovery Encounter Histories, Alaska, 1990-2016

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: David Ward
Publication_Date: 201706
Title:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Other_Citation_Details:

Ward D. H., 2017, Black Brant Banding and Recovery Encounter Histories, Alaska, 1990-2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F76971SZ

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F76971SZ
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: David Ward
Publication_Date: 2015
Title: Pacific Black Brant Ecology
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, AK
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=76

Description:

Abstract:

This data contains two tables of live-dead encounter histories of Black Brant geese banded 4 breeding locations in the Arctic of northern Alaska and western Canada and one sub-Arctic location, the Tutakoke River colony on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska, from 1990 to 2016.

Purpose:

We used joint live and dead mark recapture models to estimate first-year and adult (1+ year old) survival of brant, which have not been assessed since the 1990s for Arctic populations and mid-2000s for sub-Arctic breeding populations. We also used band recovery rates from a Brownie model to assess temporal trends in harvest rates of adult brant.

Supplemental_Information:

This data set contains two banding and encounter history tables: one for the joint live dead analysis and one for the Brownie analysis. These data files are formatted in a machine-readable format for use with program MARK and RMark applications. The specific formatting is described in the entity attribute section.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1990
Ending_Date: 2016

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Banding data was collected on four Black Brant breeding locations in the Arctic: 1) the Colville River Delta in northern Alaska, 2) the Kuparuk River Delta/Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska, 3) the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula/Liverpool Bay area in northern Canada, and 4) Banks Island and Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. One sub-Arctic location, the Tutakoke River colony on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of western Alaska was also used. Band encounters came resightings of banded birds on the breeding grounds and also from banding resightings and recovery of bands by sport hunters throughout North America during the non-breeding period.

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.81640625
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.00390625
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.6912927186
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.0464639997

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:ASC116

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115
Theme_Keyword: Biota

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA GCMD Earth Science Keywords Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science
Theme_Keyword: Biological Classification
Theme_Keyword: Animals/Vertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Birds
Theme_Keyword: Waterfowl

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Waterfowl
Theme_Keyword: Survival

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Colville River Delta
Place_Keyword: Kuparuk River
Place_Keyword: Prudhoe Bay
Place_Keyword: Yukon Kuskokwim Delta

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: NGA GEOnet Names Server
Place_Keyword: Canada
Place_Keyword: Anderson River Delta
Place_Keyword: Banks Island
Place_Keyword: Melville Island

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: bird

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:

Series_Name: ITIS
Issue_Identification: TSN 39074

Other_Citation_Details:

Retrieved December 14, 2016, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database http://www.itis.gov

Online_Linkage:

http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=714723

Classification_System_Modifications: None

Identification_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Sibley, David Allen
Publication_Date: 200010
Title: National Audubon Society The Sibley Guide to Birds
Edition: 1st
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Species were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance of feathers and plumage, behavior, and vocalizations.

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected.

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Applicable_Common_Name: animals
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Applicable_Common_Name: cordés
Applicable_Common_Name: cordado
Applicable_Common_Name: chordates
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrado
Applicable_Common_Name: vertébrés
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves
Applicable_Common_Name: Birds
Applicable_Common_Name: oiseaux
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anseriformes
Applicable_Common_Name: Ducks
Applicable_Common_Name: Geese
Applicable_Common_Name: Screamers
Applicable_Common_Name: Swans
Applicable_Common_Name: Waterfowl
Applicable_Common_Name: canards
Applicable_Common_Name: cygnes
Applicable_Common_Name: oies
Applicable_Common_Name: sauvagine
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anatidae
Applicable_Common_Name: Ducks
Applicable_Common_Name: Geese
Applicable_Common_Name: Swans
Applicable_Common_Name: canards
Applicable_Common_Name: cygnes
Applicable_Common_Name: oies
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Anserinae
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Branta
Applicable_Common_Name: Brent Geese
Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Branta bernicla
Applicable_Common_Name: Brant Goose
Applicable_Common_Name: Brent Goose
Applicable_Common_Name: Ganso de collar
Applicable_Common_Name: Brant
Applicable_Common_Name: bernache cravant

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications referenced to this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 4210 University Dr.
City: Anchorage
State_or_Province: Alaska
Postal_Code: 99503
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-7000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ascweb@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Alan G. Leach
Originator: David H. Ward
Originator: James S. Sedinger
Originator: Mark S. Lindberg
Originator: W. Sean Boyd
Originator: Jerry W. Hupp
Originator: Robert J. Ritchie
Publication_Date: 201706
Title:

Survival and harvest rates of black brant from Arctic and subarctic breeding areas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Wildlife Management
Issue_Identification: Volume 81, Issue 5

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Wiley Online Library

Other_Citation_Details:

Alan G. Leach, David H. Ward, James S. Sedinger, Mark S. Lindberg, W. Sean Boyd, Jerry W. Hupp, and Robert J. Ritchie. 2017. Survival and harvest rates of black brant from Arctic and subarctic breeding areas. Journal of Wildlife Management, In Press.

Online_Linkage: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.21284/full

Analytical_Tool:

Analytical_Tool_Description:

Program MARK is a Windows-based software application, developed by Gary White (Colorado State University) for the analysis of data from marked individuals. Program MARK provides parameter estimates from marked animals when they are re-encountered at a later time. Re-encounters can be from dead recoveries (e.g., the animal is harvested), live recaptures (e.g. the animal is re-trapped or re-sighted), radio tracking, or from some combination of these sources of re-encounters.

Tool_Access_Information:

Online_Linkage: http://www.phidot.org/software/mark/index.html
Online_Linkage: http://www.phidot.org/software/mark/rmark/
Tool_Access_Instructions:

Tool can be downloaded and run on Windows from the phidot.org site. See site documentation for Unix based systems.

Tool_Computer_and_Operating_System:

Written for Windows XP or newer. The RMark interface is also available as an extension to MARK, from the CRAN website.

Tool_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: White, G.C.
Originator: K.P. Burnham
Publication_Date: 19990626
Title:

Program MARK: Survival estimation from populations of marked animals

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Bird Study
Issue_Identification: Volume 46 Supplement, 120-138

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Online

Online_Linkage: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tbis20/46/sup1?nav=tocList

Analytical_Tool:

Analytical_Tool_Description:

The RMark interface is also available as an extension to Program MARK.

Tool_Access_Information:

Online_Linkage: http://www.phidot.org/software/mark/rmark/
Tool_Access_Instructions:

Laake, J. L. 2013. RMark: An R interface for analysis of capture-recapture data with MARK. in Alaska Fisheries Science Center Report 2013-01. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA.

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attributes were spot checked and values were sorted to identify possible errors. For example, if data looked like a potential error, original data sheets were checked to confirm and fixed it if it was a data entry error. Additionally peer-review used sort functions in Excel to identify attributes, domains, and domain ranges. These were checked against metadata entries to ensure all definitions and levels were accounted for.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Data format and values are specific for use with program MARK and have been tested in that application, thus data values are considered valid for that usage.

Completeness_Report:

There are no missing values in this dataset. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details, particularly the Entity and Attribute definitions for specifics on each entity and data within those entities.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

We captured brant by herding them into pens during the adult remigial molt in July and August. Following capture, we marked brant with a unique metal band issued by the Bird Banding Lab, U.S. Geological Survey, and a uniquely engraved plastic tarsal band, and recorded bands from recaptures. Brant were sexed using cloacal examination and aged as juvenile (hatching year), second-year, or after second-year using plumage characteristics. Prior to banding, we recorded live resights of color-marked brant on breeding areas using 20–50x spotting scopes. We included all summer reencounters in our analysis (not just breeding reencounters, for example, adults seen at a nest or with a brood) to improve the precision of our survival estimates.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:

We conducted live resight surveys at 3 wintering lagoons along the central Pacific coast of Baja California. Observations were made at Bahia San Quintin during winters 1991-1993, 1997–2006, and 2011–2013 and at Lagunas Ojo de Liebre and San Ignacio, during winters 1999-2001. From spring 1991–2015 we conducted resights of brant at wintering and migration areas in southeastern Vancouver Island and Boundary Bay, British Columbia, Canada. We also periodically collected live resights of brant during migration and wintering at Izembek Lagoon, AK; Humboldt and Morro bays, California; and Puget Sound, WA. Observers typically concealed themselves near sand bars where brant came ashore to grit and loaf during high tide and read tarsal bands with 15–150X telescopes. We obtained band recovery information of brant harvested (i.e., “How obtained” code = 01) from August 1990–May 2016 from the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory in Patuxent, Maryland, USA. Our ‘recovery window’ for each year was 1 August to 30 June. We only included brant that were color-marked in our analysis to avoid strong heterogeneity in live reencounter rates with individuals that were only marked with a metal band.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory, Patuxent, Maryland, USA.

Publication_Date: 20160630
Title: Bird Recovery Data 1990-2016
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: USGS

Online_Linkage: https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/

Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19900801
Ending_Date: 20160630

Source_Currentness_Reference: observed

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS BBL
Source_Contribution:

The USGS Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) provided all hunter shot recovery data for birds within the study period described.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Data on bandings and encounters were converted into capture histories, where 1's indicate the banding and subsequent encounter(s) of that same band in a given year and zeros represent no encounter in a given year. We sorted individuals into 2 groups, those marked at sub-Arctic and those marked in Arctic locations. We included 2 age classes in our analysis: juveniles (< 1 year old), and adult (1+ years old) brant and allowed juveniles to ‘graduate’ to adults after their second summer. Though most individual capture histories began with initial banding during summer, we included 2,975 brant marked at Tutakoke River before 1990 whose capture histories began with their first live summer reencounter during or after 1990.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

We removed brant banded in the Arctic, which were not banded in a "brood rearing" flock (i.e., at least 1 local banded).

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Brownie Capture History
Entity_Type_Definition:

Brownie dead recovery model (Brownie et al. 1985) implemented with RMark (Laake 2013) to estimate band recovery rates. The data files have a single column heading on the first row, but these do not align with the columns they are describing because this format is meant to serve as an input statement for the common tool for analyzing these kinds of tables. A fully delimited table would result in a non-machine readable format for this kind of file. LD code is contained within columns 1 through 52, sex in columns 54 to 55, bandage in columns 57 to 58, and location in columns 60 to 61.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source:

Brownie, C., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., and Robson, D. S. (1985). Statistical inference from band recovery data: A handbook, 2nd edition. Resource Publication 156. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington , D.C.

Laake, J. L. 2013. RMark: An R interface for analysis of capture-recapture data with MARK. in Alaska Fisheries Science Center Report 2013-01. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LD code
Attribute_Definition:

Data of 52 columns for 26 years, with each year having two columns for live and dead encounters. Each column represents Live (L) information in first column for a given year and Dead (D) information in second column for a given year with the first representing summer 1990 and the last column representing the period between 2015 and 2016. The L columns represent live reencounters (0 = not encountered, 1 = initial release) during summer. The D columns represent the period between summer reencounter occasions (0 = not encountered, 1 = recovered by hunter).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

If in the L or first column of a year, a number 1 represents the initial banding and release of a bird.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

In the first or L column of a year, a 0 means not banded during this year. A 0 in the second or D column means not encountered during subsequent banding efforts or hunting seasons.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SEX
Attribute_Definition:

Sex of the sampled bird as determined by cloacal exam; M = Male, F = Female.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Hochbaum HA. Sex and age determination of waterfowl by cloacal examination. Trans N A Wildlife Conf. 1942;7:299-307. Carney SM. Species, age and sex identification of ducks using wing plumage. Washington DC: US Fish and Wildlife Service; 1992.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BANDAGE_BR
Attribute_Definition:

Represents the age for the Brownie (BR) Capture History Table at which an individual was banded: "S" = second-year; "A" = after second-year. Birds were aged as juvenile (hatching year), second-year, or after second-year using plumage characteristics (Bellrose 1980, Owen 1980)

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Bellrose, F. C. 1980. Ducks, geese and swans of North America. Third edition. Stackpole, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA. Owen, M. 1980. Wild geese of the world. Batsford, London, England.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: After second year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: S
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Second year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LOC
Attribute_Definition:

Location where an individual was initially banded with a uniquely numbered metal leg band.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Arctic.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Arctic banding locations included Prudhoe Bay and the Colville River Delta on the north slope of Alaska and the Anderson River delta, Banks Island, and Melville Island in the eastern high Arctic of Canada.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: T
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Tutakoke. Tutakoke represents the Tutakoke River Brant colony on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of southwestern, Alaska, USA.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Joint Live Dead Capture History
Entity_Type_Definition:

Joint live and dead encounter history file(or Barker) module as formatted for Program Mark with the primary goal of estimating survival and Seber band reporting rates of juvenile and adult brant (Barker 1997). The data files have a single column heading on the first row, but these do not align with the columns they are describing because this format is meant to serve as an input statement for the common tool for analyzing these kinds of tables. A fully delimited table would result in a non-machine readable format for this kind of file. LD code is contained within columns 1 through 52, sex in columns 54 to 55, bandage in columns 57 to 58, and location in columns 60 to 61.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source:

Barker, R. J. 1997. Joint modeling of live-recapture, tag-resight, and tag-recovery data. Biometrics 53:666-677.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LD code
Attribute_Definition:

Data of 52 columns for 26 years, with each year having two columns for live and dead encounters. Each column represents Live (L) information in first column for a given year and Dead (D) information in second column for a given year with the first representing summer 1990 and the last column representing the period between 2015 and 2016. The L columns represent live reencounters (0 = not encountered, 1 = initial release or live encounter through recapture or resighting) during summer. The D columns represent the period between summer reencounter occasions (0 = not encountered, 1 = recovered by hunter or resighted live).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

If in the L or first column of a year, a number 1 represents the initial banding and release of a bird.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

In the first or L column of a year, a 0 means not banded during this year. A 0 in the second or D column means not encountered during subsequent banding efforts or hunting seasons.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SEX
Attribute_Definition:

Sex of the sampled bird as determined by cloacal exam; M = Male, F = Female.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: F
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Female
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Male
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BANDAGE_JLD
Attribute_Definition:

Represents the age for the Brownie (BR) Capture History Table at which an individual was banded: "L" = local; "S" = second-year; "A" = after second-year.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Bellrose, F. C. 1980. Ducks, geese and swans of North America. Third edition. Stackpole, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA. Owen, M. 1980. Wild geese of the world. Batsford, London, England.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: After second year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: S
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Second year
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: L
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Local
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LOC
Attribute_Definition:

Location where an individual was initially banded with a uniquely numbered metal leg band.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Author defined.
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Arctic.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: T
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Tutakoke. Tutakoke represents the Tutakoke River Brant colony on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in southwestern, Alaska, USA.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Author defined.

Black Brant Banding and Recovery Encounter Histories, Alaska, 1990-2016

Metadata: